The Manosphere as an Online Protection Racket: How the Red Pill Monetizes Male Need for Security in Modern Society

  • Eva Bujalka
  • Tim Rich
  • Stuart Bender

Abstract

To effectively manage, empathize with and respond to the implications and impact of the so-called ‘Manosphere,' this paper is centered on the premise that researchers require an understanding of the draw factors that lead individuals to engage, affiliate with, and contribute to the various groups that constitute this wider movement. This paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge around the Manosphere by exploring how thought leaders propagate symbiotic cycles of ontological security and insecurity through YouTube in a manner that resembles a protection racket. It argues that these constructed ontological security cycles provide a powerful impetus to not only draw individuals into the Manosphere, but also to extract material and social resources out of them that can be reinvited to retain them within the movement.

References

Studios. (2021a). The 21 Convention home page. Retrieved from https://21studios.com/21-convention/#op3-element-DJFREE1a

Studios. (2021b). 21 Studios - YouTube homepage. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/21

Agius, C., Rosamond, A. B., & Kinnvall, C. (2020). Populism, ontological insecurity and gendered nationalism: Masculinity, climate denial and Covid-19. Politics, Religion & Ideology, 21(4), 432-450.

Bates, L. (2021). Men Who Hate Women: From Incels to Pickup Artists: The Truth about Extreme Misogyny and How it Affects Us All: Sourcebooks, Inc.

Bauman, Z. (2013). Liquid modernity: John Wiley & Sons.

Bratich, J., & Banet-Weiser, S. (2019). From pick-up artists to incels: Con (fidence) games, networked misogyny, and the failure of neoliberalism. International Journal of Communication, 13, 25.

Chang, W. (2020). The monstrous-feminine in the incel imagination: investigating the representation of women as “femoids†on/r/Braincels. Feminist Media Studies, 1-17.

Combes, M. d. (2017). Encountering the stranger: Ontological security and the Boston Marathon bombing. Cooperation and conflict, 52(1), 126-143.

Cooper, R. (2018). How Rollo Tomassi & The Rational Male Improved My Life... Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GY_W5E1U39Q&t=2s

Cooper, R. (2021a). Entrepreneurs in Cars - homepage. Retrieved from https://entrepreneursincars.com/

Cooper, R. (2021b). Entrepreneurs in Cars - YouTube homepage. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKqtwPO5ci5_KoZGbfl33g

Cooper, R. (2021c). Richard Cooper - Twitter homepage. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/Rich_Cooper

Dean, J. (2008). Enjoying neoliberalism. Cultural politics, 4(1), 47-72.

Dingott Alkopher, T. (2018). Socio-psychological reactions in the EU to immigration: from regaining ontological security to desecuritisation. European security, 27(3), 314-335.

Dupuis, A., & Thorns, D. C. (1998). Home, home ownership and the search for ontological security. The sociological review, 46(1), 24-47.

Eroukhmanoff, C. (2017). Securitisation theory. In: E-International Relations Publishing.

Fukuyama, F. (2018). Identity: Contemporary identity politics and the struggle for recognition: Profile books.

Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration: Univ of California Press.

Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age: Stanford university press.

Giddens, A. (2013). The consequences of modernity: John Wiley & Sons.

Ging, D. (2019). Alphas, betas, and incels: Theorizing the masculinities of the manosphere. Men and Masculinities, 22(4), 638-657.

Gustafsson, K., & Krickel-Choi, N. C. (2020). Returning to the roots of ontological security: insights from the existentialist anxiety literature. European journal of international relations, 26(3), 875-895.

Homolar, A., & Scholz, R. (2019). The power of Trump-speak: Populist crisis narratives and ontological security. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 32(3), 344-364.

Hulse, E. (2019). Breathing Techniques To Release DMT! Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHyRsexBiM8&t=244s

Hulse, E. (2020). Make men strong again. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpO7PwgRRG4

Hulse, E. (2021a). Elliott Hulse - homepage. Retrieved from https://elliotthulse.com/

Hulse, E. (2021b). Elliott Hulse - YouTube homepage. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/user/elliottsaidwhat

Incel Wiki. (2021). Scientific Anti-Blackpill. Retrieved from https://incelwiki.com/w/Scientific_Anti-Blackpill

Incels Wiki. (2021). Scientific Blackpill. Retrieved from https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill

Kaunert, C., de Deus Pereira, J., & Edwards, M. (2020). Thick Europe, ontological security and parochial Europe: the re-emergence of far-right extremism and terrorism after the refugee crisis of 2015. European Politics and Society, 1-20.

Kent, J. (2016). Ontological security and private car use in Sydney, Australia. Sociological research online, 21(2), 37-50.

Khan, A. (2019). Text Mining to Understand Gender Issues: Stories from The Red Pill, Men’s Rights, and Feminism Movements. University of Waterloo,

Kimmel, M. (2017a). Angry white men: American masculinity at the end of an era: Hachette UK.

Kimmel, M. (2017b). Trump’s angry white men. The World Today, 73(6), 14-17.

King, J. (2018). How feminism is causing the destruction of western society. Retrieved from https://www.returnofkings.com/179553/how-feminism-is-causing-the-destruction-of-western-society

Kinnvall, C. (2004). Globalization and religious nationalism: Self, identity, and the search for ontological security. Political psychology, 25(5), 741-767.

Laing, R. (2010). The divided self: An existential study in sanity and madness: Penguin UK.

Mirowski, P. (2014). Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste: How Neoliberalism Survived the Financial Meltdown. Verso Books.

Mitzen, J. (2006a). Anchoring Europe’s civilizing identity: habits, capabilities and ontological security. Journal of European public policy, 13(2), 270-285.

Mitzen, J. (2006b). Ontological security in world politics: State identity and the security dilemma. European journal of international relations, 12(3), 341-370.

Morein, J. (2020). “ Your Enemy is Anyone Who Opposes the Fourteen Words†Murdoch Murdoch: A Case Study in Presentations of Threats to Ontological Security in Far Right Propaganda.

Nagle, A. (2017). Kill all normies: Online culture wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the alt-right: John Hunt Publishing.

O’Neill, R. (2018). Seduction: Men, masculinity and mediated intimacy: John Wiley & Sons.

Papadamou, K., Zannettou, S., Blackburn, J., De Cristofaro, E., Stringhini, G., & Sirivianos, M. (2020). “How over is it?†Understanding the Incel Community on YouTube. arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.08293.

Preston, K., Halpin, M., & Maguire, F. (2021). The Black Pill: New Technology and the Male Supremacy of Involuntarily Celibate Men. Men and Masculinities, 1097184X211017954.

Rich, B. (2017). Securitising Identity: The Case of the Saudi State: MUP Academic.

Rich, B. (2021). Political extremism, conflict identities and the search for ontological security in contemporary established democracies. Academia Letters.

Rich, B., & MacQueen, B. (2017). The Saudi state as an identity racketeer. Middle East Critique, 26(2), 105-121.

Slade, K. (2020). Bushfire Risk in Late-modernity: An Examination of Risk Perspectives and Ontological Security Structures in Victorian Urban-rural Interface Residents. La Trobe,

Steele, B. J. (2008). Ontological security in international relations: Self-identity and the IR state: Routledge.

Steele, B. J., & Homolar, A. (2019). Ontological insecurities and the politics of contemporary populism. In: Taylor & Francis.

Tomassi, R. (2018). The Rational Male – Hypergamy: Micro to Macro. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9BQ-_33RGg&t=341s

Tomassi, R. (2021a). Men Are Experiencing Historic Levels Of Loneliness. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JiXWZfY_N8&t=1024s

Tomassi, R. (2021b). The Rational Male - Twitter homepage. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/rationalmale

Van Valkenburgh, S. P. (2021). Digesting the red pill: Masculinity and neoliberalism in the manosphere. Men and Masculinities, 24(1), 84-103.

Votey, C. (2021). 21 visions for a feminist future ‘21 - misandry in practice. Retrieved from https://avoiceformen.com/featured/21-visions-for-a-feminist-future-21-misandry-in-practice/

Young, J. (2007). The vertigo of late modernity: Sage.

Published
2022-11-01